Nrog rau lub sijhawm nruab hnub ntev dua thiab lub hnub ci ntsa iab dua, kev taug kev ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis nyuaj rau pom tias muaj ntau tus neeg hnav cov iav photochromic dua li yav dhau los. Cov tsom iav uas tau sau ntawv yuav tshuaj tau yog ib qho nyiaj tau los ntau ntxiv hauv kev lag luam muag khoom tsom iav hauv xyoo tas los no, thiab cov iav photochromic tseem yog ib qho khoom muag tseem ceeb rau lub caij ntuj sov. Kev ua lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom lees txais cov iav photochromic yog los ntawm lawv cov qauv, kev tiv thaiv lub teeb, thiab kev xav tau kev tsav tsheb.
Niaj hnub nim no, muaj ntau tus neeg paub txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov teeb ci ultraviolet uas ua rau daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, cov kaus mom baseball, thiab txawm tias cov ntaub npog caj npab uas ua los ntawm cov dej khov nab kuab tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tawm mus thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov teeb ci UV ua rau lub qhov muag yuav tsis pom tseeb sai li cov tawv nqaij tanned, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, kev raug ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj dua. Cov kab mob qhov muag xws li cataracts thiab macular degeneration uas cuam tshuam nrog hnub nyoog tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha rau kev raug UV. Tam sim no, cov neeg siv khoom Suav tsis muaj lub tswv yim sib koom ua ke ntawm "thaum twg yuav tsum hnav tsom iav dub" raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm lub hnub. Feem ntau, qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo sab nraum zoov twb xav tau kev tiv thaiv lub teeb, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg siv khoom xav tias nws "tsis tsim nyog" thiab xaiv tsis hnav lawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov iav photochromic, uas muab ob qho tib si kho qhov muag thiab kev tiv thaiv lub teeb yam tsis tas yuav tshem tawm zoo li cov tsom iav dub ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, tau txais kev lees paub ntawm ntau tus neeg.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov xim hauv cov iav tsom iav photochromic yog raws li "photochromism." Hauv qhov chaw sab nraum zoov, cov iav tsom iav no tsaus ntuj zoo li cov tsom iav hnub thiab rov qab los ua kom pom tseeb thiab pob tshab hauv tsev. Tus cwj pwm no yog txuas nrog cov tshuaj hu ua silver halide. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, cov neeg tsim khoom iav tsom iav muab cov nyiaj halide microcrystals rau hauv qab lossis txheej zaj duab xis ntawm cov iav tsom iav. Thaum raug lub teeb ci ntsa iab, cov nyiaj halide yuav lwj mus ua cov nyiaj ions thiab halide ions, nqus feem ntau ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet thiab qee lub teeb pom kev. Thaum lub teeb nyob ib puag ncig tsaus ntuj, cov nyiaj ions thiab halide ions rov ua ke ua nyiaj halide nyob rau hauv kev txo qis ntawm tooj liab oxide, ua rau xim iav tsom iav dawb kom txog thaum nws rov qab los ua kom pom tseeb thiab pob tshab dua.
Qhov kev hloov xim ntawm cov iav tsom iav photochromic yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshuaj uas rov ua tau, nrog rau lub teeb (suav nrog lub teeb pom kev thiab lub teeb ultraviolet) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kev hloov pauv no. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov xim yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub caij thiab huab cua, yog li nws tsis tas li tswj tau qhov cuam tshuam tas li thiab ruaj khov.
Feem ntau hais lus, thaum huab cua hnub ci, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov teeb ultraviolet muaj zog dua, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam photochromic ntau dua, thiab cov iav tsaus ntuj dua. Qhov sib piv, thaum hnub huab, thaum cov teeb UV thiab lub teeb muaj zog tsawg dua, cov iav zoo li sib dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum qhov kub nce siab, cov xim ntawm cov iav photochromic maj mam sib dua. Qhov sib piv, thaum qhov kub poob qis, cov iav maj mam sib dua. Qhov no yog vim tias thaum kub siab dua, cov nyiaj ions thiab halide ions, uas tau lwj ua ntej, raug txo qis rov qab mus rau nyiaj halide hauv qab lub zog siab, ua rau cov xim ntawm cov iav sib dua.
Hais txog cov iav photochromic, kuj muaj qee cov lus nug thiab cov ntsiab lus paub dav dav:
Cov tsom iav photochromic puas muaj qhov xa tawm lub teeb qis dua / qhov pom tseeb dua piv rau cov tsom iav ib txwm?
Cov tsom iav photochromic zoo tsis muaj xim kiag li thaum tsis qhib thiab tsis muaj qhov xa hluav taws xob qis dua li cov tsom iav ib txwm.
Vim li cas cov iav photochromic tsis hloov xim?
Qhov tsis muaj xim hloov pauv ntawm cov iav tsom iav photochromic yog vim muaj ob yam tseem ceeb: lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov tshuaj photochromic (silver halide). Yog tias lawv tsis hloov xim txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci ntsa iab thiab UV hluav taws xob, tej zaum cov tshuaj photochromic tau puas lawm.
Puas yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov iav photochromic hloov xim yuav zuj zus tuaj raws sijhawm?
Ib yam li lwm cov tsom iav ib txwm, cov tsom iav photochromic kuj muaj lub neej ntev. Yog tias saib xyuas zoo, feem ntau lawv kav ntev li 2-3 xyoos.
Vim li cas cov iav photochromic thiaj li tsaus zuj zus mus tas li?
Yog tias cov iav tsom iav photochromic tsaus zuj zus thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov pob tshab tag nrho, nws yog vim lawv cov neeg sawv cev photochromic tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev qub tom qab hloov xim, ua rau muaj xim seem. Qhov xwm txheej no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov iav tsom iav tsis zoo, thaum cov iav tsom iav photochromic zoo yuav tsis muaj qhov teeb meem no.
Vim li cas cov tsom iav xim grey thiaj li pom ntau tshaj plaws hauv khw?
Cov tsom iav xim grey tuaj yeem nqus tau infrared thiab 98% ntawm cov teeb UV. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsom iav xim grey yog tias lawv tsis hloov cov xim qub ntawm cov khoom, ua rau lub teeb tsis ci. Lawv nqus tau lub teeb sib npaug thoob plaws txhua qhov spectrum, yog li cov khoom zoo li tsaus dua tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam xim loj, muab qhov pom tseeb thiab ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, xim grey yog xim nruab nrab, haum rau txhua tus, ua rau nws nrov dua hauv kev ua lag luam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-11-2024